How this calculator works
This tool computes the full housing payment lenders underwrite, PITIA (principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and association fees), plus the mortgage insurance rules specific to each loan program. Every figure updates instantly in your browser; nothing is sent to a server.
The amortization formula
Monthly principal and interest come from the standard amortization formula:
M = P × [ r(1+r)ⁿ ] ÷ [ (1+r)ⁿ − 1 ]
where P is the loan amount, r is the monthly interest rate (annual rate ÷ 12), and n is the number of monthly payments (term in years × 12).
FHA rules applied automatically
- Upfront MIP (UFMIP): 1.75% of the base loan amount is added to your balance, so you pay interest on it for the life of the loan.
- Annual MIP: 0.55% per year with less than 10% down (0.45% at 10% or more), paid monthly. Under 10% down, MIP lasts the life of the loan; at 10% or more it ends after 11 years.
- Self-sufficiency test:select 3 or 4 units and the calculator checks whether 75% of total market rent covers the full PITIA, HUD’s requirement for FHA financing on 3-4 unit properties.
Conventional PMI rules
With less than 20% down, the calculator applies an estimated 0.6% annual PMI rate (your quote depends on credit score and LTV) and computes the exact month your balance reaches 80% LTV, the point where you can request PMI removal in writing. That drop-off month is the single biggest long-term cost difference between conventional and FHA financing.
VA rules
VA loans carry no monthly mortgage insurance. The calculator adds the first-use funding fee (2.15% with zero down) to the loan balance, matching how the VA finances it. Veterans receiving disability compensation are exempt from the fee.
Upfront cash and rental offset
Cash needed to close is estimated as your down payment plus 3% of the purchase price for closing costs and prepaids. Net out-of-pocket cost subtracts the rent you expect to collect from the other unit(s), which is the number that matters when comparing a house hack against renting.
Worked example
A $350,000 duplex with 3.5% down FHA financing at 6.5%: the base loan of $337,750 becomes $343,661 after the $5,911 UFMIP. Principal and interest run about $2,172 a month, MIP adds roughly $157, and with $420 in taxes and $150 in insurance the total PITIA is about $2,899. Collecting $1,400 from the second unit drops your net out-of-pocket cost to roughly $1,499 a month, often less than renting a smaller apartment.
Assumptions and limitations
- Property tax and insurance are annual estimates you supply. Many jurisdictions reassess after a sale; verify with the county.
- The 3% closing-cost estimate excludes discount points and seller concessions. See the guide to the real cost of closing for line items.
- Qualifying rules (DTI limits, reserves, the 75% rental income haircut) are not modeled here. Read how to qualify with future rental income for the underwriting side.